Systemic Threats of Hemolysis Include Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease and Progression to End Organ Damage or Failure
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Renal insufficiency prevalence in PNH is 5x higher than reported for the general population1,2
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Renal failure was identified as the cause of death in approximately 8% to 18% of PNH patients3
64% of patients with PNH have CKD.4
Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease.
PNH patients are also at risk for end organ damage or failure, including brain, liver, GI system, and lung.
References: 1. Clark DA, Butler SA, Braren V, Hartmann RC, Jenkins DE Jr. The kidneys in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 1981;57:83-89.
2. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, Levey AS. Assessing kidney function—measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2473-2483.
3. Nishimura J-I, Kanakura Y, Ware RE, et al. Clinical course and flow cytometric analysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in the United States and Japan. Medicine. 2004;83:193-207.
4. Hillmen P, Elebute MO, Kelly R, et al. High incidence of progression to chronic renal insufficiency in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) [ASH abstract]. Blood. 2007;110: Abstract 3678.
5. Hillmen P, Lewis SM, Bessler M, Luzzatto L, Dacie JV. Natural history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1253-1258.
6. Hill A, Richards SJ, Hillmen P. Recent developments in the understanding and management of paroxysmal nocturnal
haemoglobinuria. Br J Haematol. 2007;137:181-192.